Yuav Ua Li Cas Key Cards rau Tsev So Ua Haujlwm? RFID, Magstripe, thiab Tech Behind the Kais
Jun 01, 2026
Tso lus
Cov neeg taug kev feem ntau siv daim npav yas tiv thaiv lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tsev so ntau lub sijhawm nyob thiab tsis txhob xav tias daim npav tseem ceeb rau tsev so ua haujlwm li cas, lossis dab tsi tshwm sim hauv lub xauv. Daim npav yeej tsis kov hauv internet. Lub rooj zaum pem hauv ntej yuav yog peb plag tsev thiab kaw rau hmo ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij lub qhov rooj paub koj tus lej chav tsev, paub tias koj tawm hnub Thursday, thiab paub lub gym ob txoj hauv kev yuav tsum nyob twj ywm rau koj. Cov tsev so tsiv tawm ntawm cov yuam sij hlau kom raws nraim qhov ncav cuag: tus yuam sij tsis tuaj yeem tas sijhawm, tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua -txiav ntawm lub rooj hauv peb caug vib nas this, thiab tsis tuaj yeem qhia rau koj tias leej twg qhib lub qhov rooj thaum 2 teev sawv ntxov Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug nyob hauv qhov me me, tus kheej -muaj kev ruaj ntseg, tus uas hloov cov tooj dag thiab tau khiav thoob ntiaj teb kev tos txais txog plaub caug xyoo.
Lub tsev so ntawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv koj lub hnab tshos nqa ib tug chip tiam luam tawm ntawm nws inlay, ib tug nthuav dav cov neeg muag khoom feem ntau yeej tsis tuaj yeem pab dawb. Qhov kev xaiv ib leeg yog qhov cais cov khoom uas tau tawm ntawm 2024's Unsaflok nthuav tawm los ntawm kwv yees li peb lab lub qhov rooj uas tsis ua. Peb ua cov ntawv no, yog li phau ntawv qhia no kho cov txheej txheem thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig kev nyab xeeb raws li ib qho kev kawm ntau dua li ob.
Peb lub thev naus laus zis, peb zaj dab neeg kev ruaj ntseg sib txawv heev
Hauv qab lub npe nrov, txhua lub tsev so ntawv pov thawj ntawm ib qho ntawm peb lub thev naus laus zis, thiab txhua tus coj txawv txawv thaum muaj qee yam tsis raug.
Ib daim hlau nplaum yog hom qub tshaj plaws uas tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam txhua hnub. Cov ntaub ntawv qhua nyob raws li cov khoom sib nqus hauv qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm lub nraub qaum, thiab lub ntsuas phoo nyeem nws thaum daim npav rub los ntawm lub qhov. RFID tiv thaiv magnetic stripe hotel key card lo lus nug feem ntau pib ntawm no, vim hais tias cov kab txaij yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig uas ntsiag to nqi ntau dua tom qab: nws khaws tsis muaj dab tsi ruaj ntseg, degrades nrog tuav, thiab ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau siv qis -coercivity Tshuag uas muab nws cov encoding rau ib tug stray magnet los yog ib tug tibneeg hu tauj coob re-encoding voj voog sai dua li cov neeg.
RFID phaib pauv pauv los so rau tus kais, thiab qhov no yog qhov kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas RFID daim npav tseem ceeb rau tsev so ua haujlwm tau nthuav. Ib qho me me thiab ib lub kauj ntawm tooj liab kav hlau txais xov zaum kaw hauv cov yas. Tus nyeem ntawv hauv lub ntsuas phoo pov tawm lub xov tooj cua, qhov chaw ntawd ua rau lub nti tsis muaj roj teeb thiab tsis muaj kev sib cuag, thiab cov nti teb nrog nws daim ntawv pov thawj. Zaus yog qhov nthuav dav feem ntau cov neeg piav qhia hla.Legacy access cards khiav ntawm 125 kHz, qis - zaus band uas yuav luag tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg; tus qauv niaj hnub no yog 13.56 MHz, siab -frequency band qhia los ntawm MIFARE chip tsev neeg thiab los ntawm NFC. Tib physics, wildly sib txawv tiv thaiv nyob ntawm seb cov nti caij saum toj.
NFC mobile keys yog txheej tshiab tshaj plaws, tsawg dua lub tswv yim tshiab dua li qub 13.56 MHz pauv hloov mus rau hauv lub xov tooj, uas ua raws li daim npav thiab tham nrog Bluetooth- muaj peev xwm kaw tau siv cov ntawv pov thawj tawm ntawm mobile check-in. Kev rub yog ua haujlwm, tsis yog zam xwb: Kev tshawb fawb Cornell tau pom tias tsib -feeb tos ntawm daim tshev- tuaj yeem txiav cov qhua txaus siab ntau npaum li ib nrab (BDC Network), thiab hla lub rooj yog cov nyiaj them nqi tsev so caum. Cov nyiaj ua raws li tus qauv, nrog kev siv tshuab tsis siv neeg lub tsev so muaj nuj nqis ze US $ 4.8 nphom hauv 2025 thiab kwv yees kom ncav cuag li $ 14.6 nphom los ntawm 2034 (Dataintelo), thiab ib lub saw tseem ceeb muaj cov yuam sij txawb nyob hauv ntau dua 1,800 lub tsev so thaum kawg ntawm 2019 (Tsev Kho Mob Technology). Qhov kev xaiv zaus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum qhia cov khoom siv xauv xauv. PebKev tawg ntawm RFID tiv thaiv NFC thiab thaum twg los siv txhuanpog qhov kev txiav txim siab, tab sis rau lub tsev so tshiab tsim, 13.56 MHz yog tam sim no hauv pem teb tswv yim.
Hauv ib nrab -thib ob thaum lub qhov rooj qhib
Lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tsev so nyeem koj daim npav thiab txiav txim siab hauv ib feem ntawm ib pliag, thiab cov kauj ruam yooj yim dua li qhov qhia tau.Tus nyeem ntawv tshaj tawm xov tooj cua, passive nti tsim thiab xa rov qab daim ntawv pov thawj sau rau nws, lub ntsuas phoo tus maub los sib piv uas tiv thaiv txoj cai nkag nws tuav, thiab yog tias chav tsev thiab cov hnub sib ntsib, nws tsav lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Qhov ntawd yog li cas daim npav tseem ceeb hauv tsev so ua haujlwm ntawm qib ib tus qhua puas tau pom.
Dab tsi khiav hauv qab yog qhov tsim nyog paub: feem ntau lub tsev so qhov rooj xauv yog offline. Tsis muaj nyob server check, tsis muaj network cable. Qhov ntawd yog txhob txwm tshaj tawm, vim tias nws tso cai rau cov cuab yeej khiav ntau txhiab lub qhov rooj ntawm lub roj teeb lub zog yam tsis tau xaim IT rau txhua tus ncej. Kev lag luam tawm yog tias qhov kev tso cai logic yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm daim npav nws tus kheej, uas yog vim li cas koj daim ntawv pov thawj nqa nws tus kheej tas sij hawm thiab tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev txiav tawm es tsis yog raug rho tawm ntawm qhov chaw deb, thiab, raws li cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb qhia, vim li cas daim npav forged nqa cov ntaub ntawv zoo tuaj yeem qhib lub qhov rooj rau pem hauv ntej lub rooj tsis tau tso cai. Rau daim npav - sab mechanics ib theem qis, peb tus neeg piav qhia rauRFID ntse daim npav khw muag khoom dab tsi thiab nws teb li casmus tob dua.
Yam koj daim npav paub txog koj, thiab qhov nws tsis yog
Kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ceev ntiag tug rov tshwm sim yog tsim nyog daws qhov tseeb. Daim npav chav tsev so feem ntau yog tus lej ntawm chav tsev, koj daim tshev -in thiab kos- tawm hnub, thiab nkag mus rau kev tso cai khi rau tus lej nkaus xwb uas cov cuab yeej system nkag siab. Qhov twg daim npav tseem ceeb hauv tsev so tsis tuav yog koj lub npe, koj qhov chaw nyob, lossis koj cov ntsiab lus them nyiaj. Daim npav yog lub cim taw qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub tsev so system, tsis yog daim ntawv luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawd. Muab tso rau ntawm txoj kev thiab tus nrhiav tsis paub dab tsi txog koj; nyob rau niaj hnub encrypted daim ntawv pov thawj, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tig nws mus rau hauv tus yuam sij ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj ntau tshaj li qhov xav paub yav tav su.
Yog vim li cas phaib txiav tawm, thiab xov tooj dab neeg uas yuav siv lub txim
Qhov kev thov rov qab tshaj plaws txog cov ntawv tseem ceeb hauv tsev so yog lub xov tooj so nws. Raws li kev kuaj mob, qhov ntawd feem ntau yog lus dab neeg, thiab nws tsim nyog hais ncaj qha. Lub xov tooj lub xov tooj cua teeb liab los tsis muaj nyob ze zog txaus los lwv ib kab txaij. Thaum daim npav tau so, ib lub hlau nplaum tau ua nws, feem ntau yog lub me me neodymium clasp nyob rau hauv lub hnab nyiaj los yog xov tooj es tsis yog lub xov tooj ntawm electronics. Cov tsev so kuj nyiam tsawg- cov kab txaij coercivity rau luv luv, uas ua rau lawv yooj yim rau kev tshem tawm dua li cov ntawv siab -coercivity bank cards uas muaj sia nyob xyoo nyob rau hauv tib lub hnab ris.
Kev so yog tiag tiag tab sis zaum deb ntawm cov npe vim li cas tsev so cov ntawv tseem ceeb tsis ua haujlwm. Lub sij hawm uas tau tas sij hawm lawm, ib qho kev kos npe rau ntawm lub rooj, lub cev hnav tom qab ntau pua lub hnab, thiab lub qhov rooj xauv ntawm lub roj teeb tuag yog txhua yam ntau dua. Kuj tseem muaj lub kaum ntse ntse cov qhua yeej tsis pom, thiab nws yog txoj hauv kev zoo los nyeem coercivity: qis-coercivity Tshuag tsis hnav sai dua mechanically, nws poob nws cov encoding rau stray teb thiab rov re-encoding deb deb sai dua siab dua -coercivity Tshuag, uas yog vim li cas nws generates ntau tuag{2} desk. Thaum peb hais txog cov cuab yeej hloov pauv siab, peb thawb siab - cov khoom lag luam sib koom ua ke vim li no ib leeg, txawm tias tus nqi siab dua rau - daim npav, vim tias daim npav uas ntsiag to tsis raug nqi ntau dua rau pem hauv ntej- lub sijhawm rooj ntau dua li nws puas tau khaws cia ntawm kev yuav khoom. Lub tsev so 200-chaw nruab nrab ntawm ob peb daim tshev-ins rau ib chav hauv ib lub lim tiam teeb meem sab qaum teb ntawm 25,000 phaib ib xyoos, thiab txhua qhov kev ua tsis tiav ntxov dhau los ua rau pem hauv ntej- rooj feeb thiab cov qhua kev sib txhuam uas tsis tau tshwm sim ntawm tus nqi - daim npav yuav khoom. Cov lus teb uas tus qhua tsis tshua hnov yog qhov rov encode ntawm lub rooj kho feem ntau "tuag" phaib, vim tias daim npav yeej tsis tawg; nws cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog stale.
Cov keeb kwm kev ruaj ntseg cov ntawv qhia tawm tawm
Yuav ua li cas cov npav tseem ceeb rau tsev so ua haujlwm txiav txim siab ntau dua li kev yooj yim:lub tshuab nti hauv teeb lub qab nthab ntawm qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub qhov rooj yuav ua li cas, thiab kev lag luam tau siv ntau tshaj kaum xyoo ua pov thawj nws.
Hauv xyoo 2012, tus tsim tawm Mozilla tau muab tus kws tshawb fawb npe hu ua Cody Brocious taug kev mus rau Black Hat USA theem hauv Las Vegas nrog cov khoom siv tsim los ntawm kwv yees li tsib caug -$ Arduino board. Nws ntsaws nws rau hauv lub hwj chim- thiab- qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv qab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob Onity siv dav, nyeem lub xauv lub cim xeeb, thiab qhib lub qhov rooj. Cov xauv no zaum ntawm kwv yees li plaub mus rau tsib lab chav thoob ntiaj teb. Tsis pub dhau lub hlis cov txheej txheem tib yam tshwm sim hauv kev ua tub sab tiag, suav nrog lub laptop nyiag los ntawm Hyatt hauv Houston's Galleria, qhov twg tub ceev xwm tom qab tau ntes tus neeg phem; Onity txoj kev kho yog qhov chaw nres nkoj dawb ntxiv rau lub firmware-thiab-circuit-board upgrade nws xav tias cov tsev so yuav them rau, thiab kev saws me nyuam rub (Sau npe).
Cov ntaub ntawv 2024 nyuaj dua rau nthwv dej. Ib pab neeg tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm cov saw hlau ntawm qhov tsis zoo npe hu ua Unsaflok uas tau mus txog ib ncig ntawm peb lab lub qhov rooj hla kwv yees li 13,000 lub tsev hauv 131 lub teb chaws (BleepingComputer). Qhov kev tawm tsam xav tau ib daim ntawv tseem ceeb nyeem los ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab tus kws sau ntawv pheej yig los ua ob daim npav forged, thiab vim li cas nws yuav siv ob qho kev nkag siab: thawj daim npav rov sau dua lub ntsuas phoo lub xeev sab hauv, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd daim npav thib ob qhib nws (Unsaflok). Nws ua haujlwm vim tias cov ntsuas phoo tau tso rau ntawm daim npav laus MIFARE Classic nrog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem thim rov qab- engineering, thiab vim tias lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj tuaj yeem rub tawm hauv software, lub deadbolt tsis muaj qhov rov qab tiag tiag. Cov kev nkag tau- tswj cov chips tsis muaj zog mus txog qhov zoo tshaj li ib lub lag luam xauv, uas yog vim li cas qhov kev xaiv muaj pov thawj ntau dua li kev kaw lub npe yog qhov kev tswj tiag tiag, kev lag luam tawm hauv peb cov ntawv sau tseg ntawmnkag mus rau- tswj daim npav kev ruaj ntseg thiab yuav xaiv li cas.
Cais, cov kws tshawb fawb tom qab pom cov khoom siv rov qab hauv qee yam MIFARE-cov chips sib xws hauv Suav teb, hom twb tau nyob hauv tsev so thoob plaws Asmeskas, Europe, thiab Is Nrias teb (TechRadar). Tag nrho peb zaj dab neeg nqa ib zaj lus qhia: "nws khiav ntawm RFID, yog li nws ruaj ntseg" yog kab lus uas muaj hnub nyoog tsis zoo.
Yog tias koj yuav lossis qhia cov npav no, nyeem qhov ua tsis tiav rov qab
Ib daim npav RFID encrypted yog ib qho nyuaj rau clone dua li cov hlau nplaum. Cov kab lus ntawd yog qhov tseeb, thiab cov ntsiab lus AI yuav rov hais dua rau koj zoo siab. Dab tsi cov kab lus ntsiag to tshem tawm yog qhov sib txawv uas txiav txim siab seb koj cov khoom puas muaj kev nyab xeeb:leej twg chip tsev neeg zaum hauv, thiab nws yog silicon. Qhov ntawd yog qhov feem ntau cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsis nce ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab nws yog qhov chaw uas lub Hoobkas saib cov txheej txheem nrog tus muag khoom.
Bare MIFARE Classic yog tawm ntawm lub rooj tam sim no, txawm li cas los xij ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam, vim hais tias Unsaflok nthuav tawm ua rau qhov kev hu mus tas li thiab cov nti cryptographically tawg txij li xyoo 2008 tsis muaj kev lag luam saib xyuas chav qhua. Dab tsi tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab yog qhov twg encryption - qib nti haum rau koj lub xauv, pob nyiaj siv, thiab kev nthuav tawm, thiab xaiv cov ntawv tseem ceeb rau lub tsev so cais kom huv si hauv peb kis. Ib pob nyiaj siv lossis tsev so qub txeeg qub teg uas twb tau ua haujlwm magstripe tuaj yeem tsim nyog khaws cia rau tam sim no thiab nruj cov txheej txheem ntawm lub rooj thiab rov-encoding kev huv, txij li rub tawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm los caum kev hem tias nws cov qhua yuav tsis ntsib yog nws cov khoom pov tseg. Ib nrab -ntau yam tshiab tsim tsis muaj kev zam txim los qhia hauv qab no a13.56 MHz encrypted daim ntawv pov thawj. Ib qho kev nthuav dav NFC cov yawm sij ntawm lub xov tooj tseem xav tau daim npav poob rov qab ntawm lub cev, vim tias qhov kev thim rov qab yog qhov tseeb uas tus neeg tawm tsam mus tom qab.
Qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws yog qhov peb ua rau cov neeg tuaj tos txais qhua: haum rau daim ntawv pov thawj rau tus qauv kev hem thawj, tswj kev yuav khoom ntawm cov tsev neeg cov chips tawg, thiab lees paub cov pov thawj silicon kom lub nraub qaum tsis tuaj txog qis dua - qhwv. Cov kauj ruam uas txiav txim siab seb koj lub qhov rooj puas muaj kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tsis tau luam tawm ntawm no: cov ntaub ntawv tso cai twg los thov los ntawm tus neeg muab khoom nti, yuav ua li cas kom paub meej tias qhov tseeb NXP lossis Infineon feem ntau dua li qhov tsis muaj ntawv tso cai clone, thiab yuav ua li cas nyeem cov khoom vaj khoom tsev daim npav uas twb muaj lawm ua ntej koj rov xaj dua. Daim ntawv txheeb xyuas ntawd yog cov chaw muag khoom sib txawv nyob ntsiag to, thiab peb yuav qhia peb li kev thov. Yog tias koj muab khoomkev cai-encoded hotel key cards ua los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, encryption- qib nti, qhib kev sib tham nrog lub nti, tsis yog artwork; rau cov chaw so txuas ntxiv nkag mus rau hauv pas dej, spas, thiab thaj chaw muaj kev tshwm sim, tib lub logic yog nqa mus rau hauvRFID wristbands rau tsev so thiab chaw so, thiab hauvRFID khaub ncaws taguas txav linen los ntawm tib lub nraub qaum - ntawm - tsev systems.
Cov kab hauv qab
Yuav ua li cas daim npav tseem ceeb rau cov tsev so ua haujlwm los ntawm ib feem, cov nti, thiab kev lag luam tau them rau qhov tsis quav ntsej nws hla peb lab lub qhov rooj. Ua ntej koj daim npav xa mus tom ntej, txheeb xyuas cov cim chip thiab nws qhov chaw, kho txhua yam tsim los ntawm MIFARE Classic uas tsis yog- pib, thiab nug koj tus neeg muag khoom los ua pov thawj pov thawj. Yog tias lawv ua tsis tau, qhov ntawd yog koj cov lus teb, thiab nws yog lub sijhawm zoo los coj lub Hoobkas tuaj yeem.
FAQ
Q: Puas yog lub tsev so ntawv tseem ceeb RFID?
A: Muaj ntau, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho, txij li cov khoom siv sib nqus stripe, RFID, thiab xov tooj -raws li NFC cov yuam sij ib sab nyob ntawm hnub nyoog thiab qib.
Q: Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi khaws cia rau ntawm daim npav tseem ceeb hauv tsev so?
A: Ib chav tsev, koj daim tshev-hauv thiab kos- hnub tawm, thiab nkag mus rau kev tso cai khi rau tus lej nyiaj, tsis txhob koj lub npe, them nyiaj, lossis cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej.
Q: Lub xov tooj ntawm tes puas tuaj yeem demagnetize lub tsev so key card?
A: Yuav luag tsis tau, vim tias tus neeg ua txhaum tiag tiag yog cov hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv rooj plaub lossis lub hnab ntim khoom, thiab feem ntau daim npav tuag tsuas yog tag sijhawm lossis tsis raug -encoded.
Q: Cov ntawv tseem ceeb hauv tsev so puas tuaj yeem luam lossis nyiag tau?
A: Yog rau cov laus: daim npav ntawm MIFARE Classic lossis cov khoom qub qub zoo sib xws tuaj yeem cloned nrog tawm -- txee kho vajtse hauv ib feeb, thaum daim npav ntawm MIFARE DESFire EV2 lossis EV3 nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv qhov kev tawm tsam.
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